Hybrid Power Supply for Polar Research Stations: Synergistic Support of Low-Temperature Wind Power and Energy Storage Systems

Hybrid Power Supply for Polar Research Stations: Synergistic Support of Low-Temperature Wind Power and Energy Storage Systems

In the extremely cold polar regions, a stable power supply is the lifeline for research stations' survival and scientific research. Traditional diesel generators are costly, difficult to resupply, and pollute the environment. Hybrid power supply solutions combining low-temperature wind power generation with cold-resistant energy storage systems are becoming a key approach to providing clean and reliable energy. The core of this solution lies in addressing the challenges of equipment operation under ultra-low temperatures and ensuring power supply during prolonged periods of darkness.

Low-temperature wind power is the vanguard of energy acquisition. Polar wind resources are abundant, but ordinary wind turbines fail in sub-zero temperatures due to material embrittlement and lubricant solidification. Specialized low-temperature wind turbines use special low-temperature steel for key components, employ extremely cold-resistant lubricants and hydraulic oils, and heat-insulate core units such as generators and gearboxes. Their blades are also specially designed to prevent excessive ice and snow accumulation from affecting balance. These measures ensure that the turbines can start, operate, and capture wind energy normally in the extreme cold.

Cold-resistant energy storage systems are the cornerstone of a stable power supply. The polar regions experience long periods of polar night, and winds are intermittent. Therefore, large-capacity energy storage systems capable of operating efficiently at low temperatures are essential. This typically refers to specially designed cryogenic lithium-ion or flow batteries that maintain certain charge-discharge performance at low temperatures and are equipped with active thermal management systems to prevent battery freezing. The energy storage system stores excess electricity during windy periods and provides continuous power to the research station during windless or polar night periods, complementing diesel generators and minimizing diesel consumption.

Through the intelligent coordination of cryogenic wind turbines and cold-resistant energy storage systems, polar research stations can construct a resilient hybrid microgrid. The intelligent control system automatically schedules the operation of wind turbines, energy storage, and backup diesel generators based on wind speed, battery power, and load demand, prioritizing the use of clean wind power to ensure uninterrupted power supply to critical loads under any harsh weather conditions. This system not only significantly reduces operating costs and environmental footprint but also significantly enhances the energy autonomy and security of research stations in extreme environments.